Commercialization of R&D covers all the processes that enable knowledge to bring the companies to generate a market impact that accrues in economic wealth and social welfare for the community.

The main methods of valuation and commercialization of innovative technology that is available to agencies and research groups are:

• License Agreement: is one of the most widely used methods for the commercialization of innovative technology. The institution, "license", it transfers to another, "licensee" means rights to exploit a technology for:
  • Applications: You may transfer rights to the exploitation of technology is limited only to specific applications and not for any use.
  • Markets: The rights are usually limited to specific geographic space
  • A time period: always set up time.

  
  Not transferred ownership of the technology, which is not a sale itself, but the operating rights for a specified time. The technology license revenue typically comes from an initial fixed payment for transferring the rights to exploit the technology and a variable payment or royalties on the sales conducted by the licensee, products incorporating that technology.

• Sale of technology: it corresponds to the mode in which the ownership of the technology is transferred entirely to the company purchase. It is typical in cases where technology has little to do with the business of the company that generates and / or commercial development costs are too high.
• Know-How Agreements or Technical Assistance: allow the transfer of knowledge, often secret,that can not be patented for not meeting the requirements of the patent.
  In most cases technology, is tacit, not codified very specific skills and routines of the company. Usually require personal contact, the presence of technicians and consultants, it is not enough to documentation.
• Joint Ventures and joint development with other companies: they are rules based on commercially exploit the technology in conjunction with other companies to reduce costs and risks.
  If the alliance with other companies involves creating a new independent legal entity, it is called Joint Venture. If not, is simply a Joint Development, results and profits are shared among the partners according to a prior commitment.
• Spin-Off or EBT: an institution can outsource the development and commercial exploitation of technology through the creation of a new independent company, but linked to it through equity or other ties. These are called Spin-Off or Technology Based Firms (EBT). The creation of Spin-Off and EBT allows the institution to-mother:
  • Isolate the financial risk of a very innovative project
  • Channel the entrepreneurial spirit of researchers
  • Reduce and flexible templates
  • Attacking fields of business to be away from their traditional line
  • Valuing technology before being sold by other forms